Text recall and use of advance organisers in first and second language

Abstract Previous research identified that studying texts in a second language (L2) as opposed to the first (L1) results substantially weaker recall. We hypothesized use of advance organizers (AOs) might attenuate this L2 recall cost by supporting users construction more solid memory representations. One hundred Dutch-English bilinguals studied two either L1 or L2, and with without help mind map. The previously reported was replicated, lower scores relative L1. Whereas students were equally aided AO use, initial dissipated when comparing test condition those non-AO condition. therefore conclude employing AOs does not entirely diminish disadvantages but brings up level students.